During the Middle Ages, they were at the height of their powers. They could raise ‘hue and cry’ in pursuit of miscreants, read the Riot Act in cases of insurrection and be responsible for the administration of justice in the Shire. Further, they were duty bound to return two Knights of the Shire to parliament. From about 1300, their powers began to wane and by the 19th century many of the Sheriff’s responsibilities were transferred to the statutory bodies we recognise today.
In the 16th century, the High Sheriff’s role was further diminished with the establishment of the Lord-Lieutenants as the personal representatives of the Sovereign in the County. The High Sheriff became the Sovereign’s representative in the County for all matters relating to the judiciary including the safety of the judges while on Circuit, all matters of law and order and most importantly, preserving the Peace.
Today, there are 55 High Sheriffs serving the counties of England and Wales each year.
High Sheriffs receive no remuneration and no part of the expense of a High Sheriff’s year falls on the public purse. The High Sheriff’s role is an annual appointment, commencing in March each year.
